Since work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDS) have a high prevalence in different industries, in order to quantify the prevalence of WMSDS of the upper limbs in of exposed group and find a relationship between exposure indices and effect indicators, this research was carried out. A total of 404 male exposed and of 120 male non-exposed workers of Qaemshahre (northern Iran) weaving factory located in the north of Iran were studied. Regarding the quantification of exposure, use was made of the Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA). Also the Concise Damage Index (CDI) was calculated for any job and then statistically significant relationships between CDI and OCRA exposure indices were surveyed. It was considered that there were significant associations between OCRA and an effect indicators (CDI) represented by the prevalence of all the WMSDS of the upper limbs (R2= 0.85, P=0.001). When a logarithmic conversion of the relative exposure (OCRA) and injury indices was carried out, a simple and multiple linear regression model resulted that seems to provide a satisfactory and truly predictive performance of the risk of WMSDS of the upper limbs based on the exposure index, length of time, lack of recovery periods, and etc.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many EFFECTS and consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of alternative punishments, the moral and social EFFECTS of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) and articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID and Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 and with the method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of morals and social capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners and reforming them, provides better implementation of social justice and improvement of public trust, emotional and financial support for the families of criminals

Artificial intelligence (AI) research and regulation seek to balance the benefits of innovation against any potential harm and disruption. However, one unintended consequence of the recent surge in AI research is the potential re-orientation of AI technologies to facilitate criminal acts, term in this article AI-Crime (AIC). AIC is theoretically feasible thanks to published experiments in automating fraud targeted at social media users, in addition to demonstrations of AI-driven manipulation of simulated markets. However, because AIC is still a relatively young and inherently interdisciplinary area spanning socio-legal studies to formal science there is little certainty of what an AIC future might look like. This article offers the first systematic, interdisciplinary literature analysis of the FORESEEABLE threats of AIC, providing ethicists, policy-makers, and law enforcement organizations with a synthesis of the current problems, and possible solution space.

in this research, their EFFECTS on the flight of airplanes were investigated. The study area is the country of Iran, and the flight routes of Kermanshah, Ahvaz and BandarAbbas to Tehran. The research data includes maps of the Vertical Transect (profile) of the jet stream, the daily average of the Zonal wind (U-Wind) and meridional wind (V-Wind) components for the winter period of 2018 through NOAA/NCEP environmental databases. Also, flight route information was received from FlightRadar24 and Flightaware systems. First, by using Vertical Transect maps, the days containing strong U-Wind were extracted, and the average position of the core of the Jet Streams in the Zonal and meridional wind components, the Tropospheric level of 200 HP was detected. The list of flights was prepared, and the Zonal Wind maps were produced. Finally, the height of the flights was compared with the level of the currents of the Jet Streams, and the influence or lack of influence of the Jet Streams on the flights was studied. According to the results of the research, all the Jet Streams caused turbulence for all flights, and they caused a decrease in the speed of flights between Ahvaz and BandarAbbas to Tehran and an increase in the speed of flights between Kermanshah and Tehran according to the direction and type of Jet Streams. It was also found that all the Jet Streams had a speed of more than 90 knots, so the capacity to create tension and turbulence such as CAT was seen in them

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstand both dynamic and static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the EFFECTS of earthquakes on underground structures and the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated and by using Plaxis 2D software and based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight and modulus of elasticity was carried out, and the parameters whose changes have the greatest and least EFFECTS on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect and cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

The aim of this study was to develop the Mixed-EFFECTS model and compare it with nonlinear models for estimating beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L. ) heights in the Shast-kalateh forests (district 1 and 2) of Gorgan. We applied a systematic sampling method to collect the field data within a 150×200 m network (308 circular plots) and in each plot, tree species were identified and height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees were measured. Model fitting was done in two stages: Fixed-effect approach was used in the first stage wherein candidate models where height (dependent variable) and DBH (independent variable). These were refitted in the second stage using a mixed-effect approach. The adjusted coefficient of determination and root mean square error, were used to assess the models. The results of fitting nonlinear models showed that for the beech, Curtis and Naslund models had the highest coefficient of determination of 0. 76 and the lowest root mean square error of 3. 35 and 3. 40, respectively. For hornbeam, Naslund and Michailoff models with the coefficient of determination of 0. 40 and the root mean square error of 2. 95 and 2. 90 were selected as the best models. The results of nonlinear mixed EFFECTS model showed that the R2 for beech and hornbeam species increased by 10% and 30% respectively, and the RMSE improved about 0. 65 for beech and 0. 6 for hornbeam.